Admin 
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Recep ALP
The part of the nervous system located within the cranial cavity and the spinal cord is called the central nervous system, while the parts that branch out from this region and spread throughout the entire body are called the peripheral (circumferential) nervous system. Peripheral nerve diseases are defined as the involvement or compression of nerve fibers originating from the brain at any location in the body. This condition occurs when peripheral nerve functions are disabled for any reason, leading to the loss of function in the muscles powered by that specific nerve or group of nerves. Peripheral nerve diseases can result from the involvement of a single nerve or multiple nerves. Pain and weakness manifest in the area of the affected nerve.
Peripheral nerve diseases can be caused by various factors such as genetic reasons, trauma, continuous pressure on the nerve, poisoning, diabetes, vitamin deficiency, and imbalanced nutrition.
The involvement of all nerves covers a very broad group of diseases and is termed polyneuropathy. While some of these develop gradually, there are also life-threatening forms that develop within 1–2 days.
Depending on the region where the nerve is affected, there are types such as Brachial plexus injury, Thoracic outlet syndrome, Ulnar nerve entrapment, Peroneal nerve entrapment, Meralgia paresthetica, and Carpal tunnel syndrome. Identifying the cause of the disease should be the starting point of the treatment. Electroneuromyographic (EMG) examinations should be performed based on the affected area of the body. An EMG study is the examination of the electrical activity of nerves and muscles in the arms, legs, and face with the help of specialized electrodes. It provides detailed information regarding whether the disease is recent and helps pinpoint the affected location.
Depending on the form of the disease, treatment methods include medication, local injections, physical therapy, or surgical interventions.
Clinical follow-up and treatment of patients are essential.
